This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with
Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU
GPL'ed), image processing and geographic information system (GIS).
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d.ask | Prompts the user to select a GRASS data base file from among files displayed in a menu on the graphics monitor. |
d.barscale | Displays a barscale on the graphics monitor. |
d.colorlist | Output a list of all available display colors with a configurable separator (default is comma). |
d.colors | Allows the user to interactively change the color table of a raster map layer displayed on the graphics monitor. |
d.colortable | Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer. |
d.correlate | Prints a graph of the correlation between data layers (in pairs). |
d.erase | Erase the contents of the active display frame with user defined color |
d.extend | Sets window region so that all currently displayed raster and vector maps can be shown in a monitor. |
d.extract | Selects and extracts vectors with mouse into new vector map. |
d.font | Selects the font in which text will be displayed on the user's graphics monitor. |
d.frame | Manages display frames on the user's graphics monitor. |
d.geodesic | Displays a geodesic line, tracing the shortest distance between two geographic points along a great circle, in a longitude/latitude data set. |
d.graph | Program for generating and displaying simple graphics on the display monitor. |
d.grid | Overlays a user-specified grid in the active display frame on the graphics monitor. |
d.his | Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity, and saturation (his) values from user-specified input raster map layers. |
d.histogram | Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a user-specified raster map. |
d.info | Display information about the active display monitor |
d.labels | Displays text labels (created with v.label) to the active frame on the graphics monitor. |
d.legend | Displays a legend for a raster map in the active frame of the graphics monitor. |
d.linegraph | Generates and displays simple line graphs in the active graphics monitor display frame. |
d.m | Display manager for GRASS |
d.mapgraph | Generates and displays simple graphics on map layers drawn in the active graphics monitor display frame. |
d.measure | Measures the lengths and areas of features drawn by the user in the active display frame on the graphics monitor. |
d.menu | Creates and displays a menu within the active frame on the graphics monitor. |
d.mon | To establish and control use of a graphics display monitor. |
d.monsize | Selects/starts specified monitor at specified size |
d.mvmon | Moves displayed maps to another monitor |
d.nviz | Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ. |
d.out.file | Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a graphics file. |
d.out.gpsdrive | Export display monitor to a GpsDrive compatible backdrop image |
d.out.png | Saves active display monitor to PNG file in home directory |
d.path | Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node. |
d.polar | Draws polar diagram of angle map such as aspect or flow directions |
d.profile | Interactive profile plotting utility with optional output. |
d.rast.arrow | Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster map containing aspect data. |
d.rast.edit | Interactively edit cell values in a raster map. |
d.rast | Displays user-specified raster map in the active graphics frame. |
d.rast.leg | Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window |
d.rast.num | Overlays cell category values on a raster map layer displayed to the graphics monitor. |
d.redraw | Redraws the current display frame in the GRASS monitor |
d.resize | Resizes active display monitor |
d.rgb | Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and blue overlays in the active graphics frame. |
d.rhumbline | Displays the rhumbline joining two user-specified points, in the active frame on the user's graphics monitor. |
d.save | Creates a list of commands for recreating screen graphics. |
d.shadedmap | Drapes a color raster over a shaded relief map using d.his |
d.slide.show | Slide show of GRASS raster/vector maps. |
d.split.frame | Split the display into subframes. |
d.split | Divides active display into two frames & displays maps/executes commands in each frame. |
d.text | Draws text in the active display frame on the graphics monitor using the current font. |
d.thematic.area | Displays a thematic vector area map in the active frame on the graphics monitor. |
d.title | Create a TITLE for a raster map in a form suitable for display with d.text. |
d.vect.chart | Displays charts of vector data in the active frame on the graphics monitor. |
d.vect | Displays user-specified vector map in the active graphics frame. |
d.vect.thematic | Displays thematic vector map |
d.what.rast | Allows the user to interactively query the category contents of multiple raster map layers at user specified locations within the current geographic region. |
d.what.vect | Allows the user to interactively query a vector map layer at user-selected locations within the current geographic region. |
d.where | Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with point locations in the active frame on the graphics monitor. |
d.zoom | Allows the user to change the current geographic region settings interactively, with a mouse. |
i.atcorr | Performs atmospheric correction using the 6S algorithm.
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i.cca | Canonical components analysis (cca) program for image processing. |
i.class | Generates spectral signatures for an image by allowing the user to outline regions of interest.
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i.cluster | Generates spectral signatures for land cover types in an image using a clustering algorithm.
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i.fft | Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing. |
i.fusion.brovey | Brovey transform to merge multispectral and high-res panchromatic channels |
i.gensig | Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map. |
i.gensigset | Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map. |
i.group | Creates, edits, and lists groups and subgroups of imagery files. |
i.his.rgb | Transforms raster maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space. |
i.ifft | Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing. |
i.image.mosaic | Mosaics up to 4 images and extends colormap; creates map *.mosaic |
i.in.spotvgt | Import of SPOT VGT NDVI file into a raster map |
i.landsat.acca | Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic Cloud Cover Assessment (ACCA). |
i.landsat.rgb | Performs auto-balancing of colors for LANDSAT images. |
i.landsat.toar | Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+. |
i.maxlik | Classifies the cell spectral reflectances in imagery data.
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i.modis.qc | Extracts quality control parameters from Modis QC layers. |
i.oif | Calculates Optimum-Index-Factor table for LANDSAT TM bands 1-5, & 7 |
i.ortho.photo | Menu driver for the photo imagery programs. |
i.pca | Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing. |
i.photo.2image | Interactively mark fiducial or reseau points on an image. |
i.photo.2target | Creates control points on an image to be ortho-rectified. |
i.photo.camera | Interactively select and modify the imagery group camera reference file. |
i.photo.init | Interactively creates or modifies entries in a camera initial exposure station file for imagery group referenced by a sub-block. |
i.photo.rectify | Orthorectifies an image by using the image to photo coordinate transformation matrix. |
i.points | Mark ground control points on image to be rectified. |
i.rectify | Rectifies an image by computing a coordinate transformation for each pixel in the image based on the control points. |
i.rgb.his | Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space. |
i.smap | Performs contextual image classification using sequential maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation. |
i.spectral | Displays spectral response at user specified locations in group or images. |
i.target | Targets an imagery group to a GRASS location and mapset. |
i.tasscap | Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation for LANDSAT-TM data |
i.topo.corr | Computes topographic correction of reflectance. |
i.vpoints | Set registration points for an imagery group from a vector map or keyboard entry. |
i.zc | Zero-crossing "edge detection" raster function for image processing. |
r.average | Finds the average of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map. |
r.basins.fill | Generates watershed subbasins raster map. |
r.bilinear | Bilinear interpolation utility for raster map layers. |
r.bitpattern | Compares bit patterns with a raster map. |
r.blend | Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio. |
r.buffer | Creates a raster map layer showing buffer zones surrounding cells that contain non-NULL category values. |
r.carve | r.carve |
r.category | Manages category values and labels associated with user-specified raster map layers. |
r.circle | Creates a raster map containing concentric rings around a given point. |
r.clump | Recategorizes data in a raster map by grouping cells that form physically discrete areas into unique categories. |
r.coin | Tabulates the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories for two raster map layers. |
r.colors | Creates/modifies the color table associated with a raster map layer. |
r.colors.out | Exports the color table associated with a raster map layer. |
r.colors.stddev | Set color rules based on stddev from a map's mean value. |
r.composite | Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single composite raster map. |
r.compress | Compresses and decompresses raster maps. |
r.contour | r.contour |
r.cost | r.cost |
r.covar | Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix for user-specified raster map layer(s). |
r.cross | Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple raster map layers. |
r.describe | Prints terse list of category values found in a raster map layer. |
r.digit | Interactive tool used to draw and save vector features on a graphics monitor using a pointing device (mouse) and save to a raster map. |
r.distance | Locates the closest points between objects in two raster maps. |
r.drain | r.drain |
r.external | r.external |
r.fill.dir | Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation raster map. |
r.fillnulls | Fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpolation. |
r.flow | r.flow |
r.grow.distance | Generates a raster map layer of distance to features in input layer. |
r.grow | Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by one cell. |
r.gwflow | Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions. |
r.his | Generates red, green and blue raster map layers combining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers. |
r.horizon | Horizon angle computation from a digital elevation model.
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r.in.arc | Converts an ESRI ARC/INFO ascii raster file (GRID) into a (binary) raster map layer. |
r.in.ascii | Converts ASCII raster file to binary raster map layer. |
r.in.aster | Georeference, rectify and import Terra-ASTER imagery and relative DEM's using gdalwarp. |
r.in.bin | Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map. |
r.in.gdal | r.in.gdal |
r.in.gridatb | Imports GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into GRASS raster map |
r.in.mat | Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster. |
r.in.poly | Creates raster maps from ASCII polygon/line/point data files. |
r.in.srtm | Import SRTM HGT files into GRASS |
r.in.wms | Downloads and imports data from WMS servers. |
r.in.xyz | Create a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics. |
r.info | Output basic information about a raster map layer. |
r.kappa | Calculate error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy assessment of classification result. |
r.lake | Fills lake at given point to given level. |
r.le.patch | Calculates attribute, patch size, core (interior) size, shape, fractal dimension, and perimeter measures for sets of patches in a landscape. |
r.le.pixel | Contains a set of measures for attributes, diversity, texture, juxtaposition, and edge. |
r.le.setup | Interactive tool used to setup the sampling and analysis framework that will be used by the other r.le programs. |
r.le.trace | Displays the boundary of each r.le patch and shows how the boundary is traced, displays the attribute, size, perimeter and shape indices for each patch and saves the data in an output file. |
r.li.cwed | Calculates contrast weighted edge density index on a raster map |
r.li.daemon | Support module for r.li landscape index calculations. |
r.li.dominance | Calculates dominance's diversity index on a raster map |
r.li.edgedensity | Calculates edge density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm |
r.li | Landscape structure analysis package overview. |
r.li.mpa | Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map |
r.li.mps | Calculates mean patch size index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm |
r.li.padcv | Calculates coefficient of variation of patch area on a raster map |
r.li.padrange | Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map |
r.li.padsd | Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map |
r.li.patchdensity | Calculates patch density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm |
r.li.patchnum | Calculates patch number index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm. |
r.li.pielou | Calculates Pielou's diversity index on a raster map |
r.li.renyi | Calculates Renyi's diversity index on a raster map |
r.li.richness | Calculates dominance's diversity index on a raster map |
r.li.setup | Configuration editor for r.li.'index' |
r.li.shannon | Calculates Shannon's diversity index on a raster map |
r.li.shape | Calculates shape index on a raster map |
r.li.simpson | Calculates Simpson's diversity index on a raster map |
r.los | Line-of-sight raster analysis program. |
r.mapcalc | Raster map calculator. |
r.mapcalculator | Calculate new raster map from a r.mapcalc expression. |
r.mask | Creates a MASK for limiting raster operation. |
r.median | Finds the median of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map. |
r.mfilter.fp | Raster map matrix filter. |
r.mfilter | Performs raster map matrix filter. |
r.mode | Finds the mode of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map. |
r.neighbors | Makes each cell category value a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer. |
r.null | Manages NULL-values of given raster map. |
r.out.arc | Converts a raster map layer into an ESRI ARCGRID file. |
r.out.ascii | Converts a raster map layer into an ASCII text file. |
r.out.bin | Exports a GRASS raster map to a binary array. |
r.out.gdal | r.out.gdal |
r.out.gdal.sh | Exports GRASS raster into GDAL supported formats. |
r.out.gridatb | Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) |
r.out.mat | Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File. |
r.out.mpeg | Raster File Series to MPEG Conversion. |
r.out.png | Export GRASS raster as non-georeferenced PNG image. |
r.out.pov | Converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for POVRAY. |
r.out.ppm | Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file at the pixel resolution of the currently defined region. |
r.out.ppm3 | Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file at the pixel resolution of the CURRENTLY DEFINED REGION. |
r.out.tiff | Exports a GRASS raster map to a 8/24bit TIFF image file at the pixel resolution of the currently defined region. |
r.out.vrml | Export a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) |
r.out.vtk | Converts raster maps into the VTK-Ascii format |
r.out.xyz | Export a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on cell centers. |
r.pack | Packs up a raster map and support files for copying. |
r.param.scale | Extracts terrain parameters from a DEM.
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r.patch | Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer. |
r.plane | Creates raster plane map given dip (inclination), aspect (azimuth) and one point. |
r.profile | Outputs the raster map layer values lying on user-defined line(s). |
r.proj | Re-projects a raster map from one location to the current location. |
r.quant | Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map. |
r.quantile | Compute quantiles using two passes. |
r.random.cells | Generates random cell values with spatial dependence. |
r.random | r.random |
r.random.surface | Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence. |
r.reclass.area | Reclasses a raster map greater or less than user specified area size (in hectares). |
r.reclass | Creates a new map layer whose category values are based upon a reclassification of the categories in an existing raster map layer. |
r.recode | Recodes categorical raster maps. |
r.region | r.region |
r.regression.line | Calculates linear regression from two raster maps: y = a + b*x. |
r.report | Reports statistics for raster map layers. |
r.resamp.interp | Resamples raster map layers to a finer grid using interpolation. |
r.resamp.rst | r.resamp.rst |
r.resamp.stats | Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggregation. |
r.resample | GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability. |
r.rescale.eq | Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in a raster map layer. |
r.rescale | Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer. |
r.ros | Generates three, or four raster map layers showing 1) the base (perpendicular) rate of spread (ROS), 2) the maximum (forward) ROS, 3) the direction of the maximum ROS, and optionally 4) the maximum potential spotting distance. |
r.series | Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers. |
r.shaded.relief | Creates shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM). |
r.sim.sediment | r.sim.sediment |
r.sim.water | r.sim.water |
r.slope.aspect | Generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and partial derivatives from a elevation raster map.
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r.spread | Simulates elliptically anisotropic spread on a graphics window and generates a raster map of the cumulative time of spread, given raster maps containing the rates of spread (ROS), the ROS directions and the spread origins.
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r.spreadpath | Recursively traces the least cost path backwards to cells from which the cumulative cost was determined. |
r.statistics | Calculates category or object oriented statistics. |
r.stats | Generates area statistics for raster map layers. |
r.sum | Sums up the raster cell values. |
r.sun | Solar irradiance and irradiation model.
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r.sunmask | Calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and elevation raster map.
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r.support | Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer support files. |
r.support.stats | Update raster map statistics |
r.surf.area | Surface area estimation for rasters. |
r.surf.contour | Surface generation program from rasterized contours. |
r.surf.fractal | Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension. |
r.surf.gauss | GRASS module to produce a raster map layer of gaussian deviates whose mean and standard deviation can be expressed by the user. It uses a gaussian random number generator. |
r.surf.idw | Surface interpolation utility for raster map. |
r.surf.idw2 | Surface generation program. |
r.surf.random | Produces a raster map of uniform random deviates whose range can be expressed by the user. |
r.terraflow | Flow computation for massive grids (float version). |
r.texture | Generate images with textural features from a raster map. |
r.thin | Thins non-zero cells that denote linear features in a raster map. |
r.tileset | Produces tilings of the source projection for use in the destination region and projection. |
r.timestamp | Modifies a timestamp for a raster map.
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r.to.rast3 | Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map. |
r.to.rast3elev | Creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value raster maps. |
r.to.vect | r.to.vect |
r.topidx | Creates topographic index map from elevation raster map. |
r.topmodel | Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model. |
r.transect | Outputs raster map layer values lying along user defined transect line(s). |
r.univar | Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a raster map. |
r.univar.sh | calculates univariate statistics from a GRASS raster map |
r.unpack | Unpacks a raster map packed with r.pack. |
r.volume | r.volume |
r.walk | r.walk |
r.water.outlet | Watershed basin creation program. |
r.watershed | Watershed basin analysis program. |
r.what.color | Queries colors for a raster map layer. |
r.what | Queries raster map layers on their category values and category labels. |